Moore's law

Computer abilities are doubled each 2 years. But human abilities are almost in place...

AI has nearly caught up with human performance!

HCI

Human-Computer Interaction is a discipline concerned with the analysis, design, implementation, and evaluation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena surrounding them.

The field of HCI is very diverse!
e.g. focus on children, seniors, animals???

Content of HCI

• N The Nature of HCI
  • N1 (Meta-)Models of HCI
• U Use and Context of Computers
  • U1 Human Social Organization and Work
  • U2 Application Areas
  • U3 Human–Machine Fit and Adaptation
• H Human Characteristics
  • H1 Human Information Processing
  • H2 Language, Communication, Interaction
  • H3 Ergonomics
• C Computer System and Interface Architecture
  • C1 Input and Output Devices
  • C2 Dialogue Techniques
  • C3 Dialogue Genre
  • C4 Computer Graphics
  • C5 Dialogue Architecture
• D Development Process
  • D1 Design Approaches
  • D2 Implementation Techniques
  • D3 Evaluation Techniques
  • D4 Example Systems and Case Studies
• P Project Presentations and Examinations

Growing importance of HCI

• Users
  • For heterogeneous & diverse users
  • For novice users with less technical expertise (Use as tools, not for goals)
  • For almost every task in everyday life
• Technology
  • Mobile (e.g. smartphone, tabs, notes)
  • Ubiquitous (Need faster, reliable, smaller, cheaper technology)
  • Ambient (Much bigger and more complicated technology)

Terms of HCI Research

User Experience (UX)

User Experience is a person's perceptions and responses that result from the use or anticipated use of a product, system or service.

How does people feel about it?

We cannot design a user experience, we can only design for a ser experience.
UX is shaped by the user and the context in which they interact with a product, which can't fully controlled by designers.

Goal of HCI is optimal User Experience!

Characteristics of UX

a.k.a. why UX design is hard...

• Humane BUT Soft: UX should be considerate of human needs and behaviors but can sometimes be perceived as lacking in hard, measurable outcomes.
• Strategic BUT Abstract: UX design is often based on high-level strategic thinking to guide product development, but these strategies can be abstract and may not always translate directly into tangible design decisions.
• Contextual BUT Uncertain: UX design should be contextual, taking into account the specific situations and environments in which a product will be used. However, because contexts can change and are often complex, this can lead to uncertainty in the design process.

Designing UX

We need proper theories and methodologies!
Theories and models explains "WHY?"
Methodologies explains "HOW?"

HCI is a field that provides theories and methodologies for optimal UX!

Key factors of optimal UX

Usefulness

Usefulness helps users achieve their goals effectively.
Related to functions!

Usability

Usability is the extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction in a specified context of use.

We need specified users, goals, context!
You can't just design for all humans.

Usability Criteria

• speed of performance (efficiency)
• rate of human error (effectiveness)
• time to learn (learnability)
• human retention over time (memorability)
• subjective satisfaction

We can use these criteria to test and measure usability!

Affection

Affection is about emotional deisgn; How can we persuade people?

Levels of Cognitive Processing (Perception of Design): Design of objects are perceived on three levels!

• Visceral: First Impressions & Instincts
  • React to visual (sensory) aspects e.g. good, bad, safe, dangerous.
• Behavioral: Usability & Functionality
  • Simple everyday behaviors
  • Majority of human behaviors
• Reflective levels: Meaning & Personal Connection
  • Conscious consideration and reflection on past experiences

Measuring affection???

Measuring affection is really hard...

Some attempts:

• Biometric measurement: Heart rate, blood flow, etc.
• Brain measurement: Electroencephalogram, fMRI, etc.

But biometric measurement have too much noise...
Most research interview participants.